Docker基础技术

#define _GNU_SOURCE
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sched.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <unistd.h>

/* 定义一个给 clone 用的栈，栈大小1M */
#define STACK_SIZE (1024 * 1024)
static char container_stack[STACK_SIZE];

char* const container_args[] = {
    "/bin/bash",
    NULL
};

int container_main(void* arg)
{
    printf("Container - inside the container!\n");
    /* 直接执行一个shell，以便我们观察这个进程空间里的资源是否被隔离了 */
    execv(container_args[0], container_args); 
    printf("Something's wrong!\n");
    return 1;
}

int main()
{
    printf("Parent - start a container!\n");
    /* 调用clone函数，其中传出一个函数，还有一个栈空间的（为什么传尾指针，因为栈是反着的） */
    int container_pid = clone(container_main, container_stack+STACK_SIZE, SIGCHLD, NULL);
    /* 等待子进程结束 */
    waitpid(container_pid, NULL, 0);
    printf("Parent - container stopped!\n");
    return 0;
}

hchen@ubuntu:~/rootfs$ ls
bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  sys  tmp  usr  var

hchen@ubuntu:~/rootfs$ ls ./bin ./usr/bin

./bin:
bash   chown  gzip      less  mount       netstat  rm     tabs  tee      top       tty
cat    cp     hostname  ln    mountpoint  ping     sed    tac   test     touch     umount
chgrp  echo   ip        ls    mv          ps       sh     tail  timeout  tr        uname
chmod  grep   kill      more  nc          pwd      sleep  tar   toe      truncate  which

./usr/bin:
awk  env  groups  head  id  mesg  sort  strace  tail  top  uniq  vi  wc  xargs

hchen@ubuntu:~/rootfs/bin$ ldd bash

    linux-vdso.so.1 =>  (0x00007fffd33fc000)
    libtinfo.so.5 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libtinfo.so.5 (0x00007f4bd42c2000)
    libdl.so.2 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libdl.so.2 (0x00007f4bd40be000)
    libc.so.6 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 (0x00007f4bd3cf8000)
    /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00007f4bd4504000)

hchen@ubuntu:~/rootfs$ ls ./lib64 ./lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/

./lib64:
ld-linux-x86-64.so.2

./lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/:
libacl.so.1      libmemusage.so         libnss_files-2.19.so    libpython3.4m.so.1
libacl.so.1.1.0  libmount.so.1          libnss_files.so.2       libpython3.4m.so.1.0
libattr.so.1     libmount.so.1.1.0      libnss_hesiod-2.19.so   libresolv-2.19.so
libblkid.so.1    libm.so.6              libnss_hesiod.so.2      libresolv.so.2
libc-2.19.so     libncurses.so.5        libnss_nis-2.19.so      libselinux.so.1
libcap.a         libncurses.so.5.9      libnss_nisplus-2.19.so  libtinfo.so.5
libcap.so        libncursesw.so.5       libnss_nisplus.so.2     libtinfo.so.5.9
libcap.so.2      libncursesw.so.5.9     libnss_nis.so.2         libutil-2.19.so
libcap.so.2.24   libnsl-2.19.so         libpcre.so.3            libutil.so.1
libc.so.6        libnsl.so.1            libprocps.so.3          libuuid.so.1
libdl-2.19.so    libnss_compat-2.19.so  libpthread-2.19.so      libz.so.1
libdl.so.2       libnss_compat.so.2     libpthread.so.0
libgpm.so.2      libnss_dns-2.19.so     libpython2.7.so.1
libm-2.19.so     libnss_dns.so.2        libpython2.7.so.1.0

hchen@ubuntu:~/rootfs$ ls ./etc
bash.bashrc  group  hostname  hosts  ld.so.cache  nsswitch.conf  passwd  profile  
resolv.conf  shadow

hchen@ubuntu:~$ ls ./conf
hostname     hosts     resolv.conf

#define _GNU_SOURCE
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <sys/mount.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sched.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <unistd.h>

#define STACK_SIZE (1024 * 1024)

static char container_stack[STACK_SIZE];
char* const container_args[] = {
    "/bin/bash",
    "-l",
    NULL
};

int container_main(void* arg)
{
    printf("Container [%5d] - inside the container!\n", getpid());

    //set hostname
    sethostname("container",10);

    //remount "/proc" to make sure the "top" and "ps" show container's information
    if (mount("proc", "rootfs/proc", "proc", 0, NULL) !=0 ) {
        perror("proc");
    }
    if (mount("sysfs", "rootfs/sys", "sysfs", 0, NULL)!=0) {
        perror("sys");
    }
    if (mount("none", "rootfs/tmp", "tmpfs", 0, NULL)!=0) {
        perror("tmp");
    }
    if (mount("udev", "rootfs/dev", "devtmpfs", 0, NULL)!=0) {
        perror("dev");
    }
    if (mount("devpts", "rootfs/dev/pts", "devpts", 0, NULL)!=0) {
        perror("dev/pts");
    }
    if (mount("shm", "rootfs/dev/shm", "tmpfs", 0, NULL)!=0) {
        perror("dev/shm");
    }
    if (mount("tmpfs", "rootfs/run", "tmpfs", 0, NULL)!=0) {
        perror("run");
    }
    /* 
     * 模仿Docker的从外向容器里mount相关的配置文件 
     * 你可以查看：/var/lib/docker/containers/<container_id>/目录，
     * 你会看到docker的这些文件的。
     */
    if (mount("conf/hosts", "rootfs/etc/hosts", "none", MS_BIND, NULL)!=0 ||
        mount("conf/hostname", "rootfs/etc/hostname", "none", MS_BIND, NULL)!=0 ||
        mount("conf/resolv.conf", "rootfs/etc/resolv.conf", "none", MS_BIND, NULL)!=0 ) {
        perror("conf");
    }
    /* 模仿docker run命令中的 -v, --volume=[] 参数干的事 */
    if (mount("/tmp/t1", "rootfs/mnt", "none", MS_BIND, NULL)!=0) {
        perror("mnt");
    }

    /* chroot 隔离目录 */
    if ( chdir("./rootfs") != 0 || chroot("./") != 0 ){
        perror("chdir/chroot");
    }

    execv(container_args[0], container_args);
    perror("exec");
    printf("Something's wrong!\n");
    return 1;
}

int main()
{
    printf("Parent [%5d] - start a container!\n", getpid());
    int container_pid = clone(container_main, container_stack+STACK_SIZE, 
                  CLONE_NEWUTS | CLONE_NEWIPC | CLONE_NEWPID | CLONE_NEWNS | SIGCHLD, NULL);
    waitpid(container_pid, NULL, 0);
    printf("Parent - container stopped!\n");
    return 0;
}

hchen@ubuntu:~$ sudo ./mount
Parent [ 4517] - start a container!
Container [    1] - inside the container!

root@container:/$ mount
proc on /proc type proc (rw,relatime)
sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw,relatime)
none on /tmp type tmpfs (rw,relatime)
udev on /dev type devtmpfs (rw,relatime,size=493976k,nr_inodes=123494,mode=755)
devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,relatime,mode=600,ptmxmode=000)
tmpfs on /run type tmpfs (rw,relatime)
/dev/disk/by-uuid/18086e3b-d805-4515-9e91-7efb2fe5c0e2 on /etc/hosts type ext4 (rw,relatime,errors=remount-ro,data=ordered)
/dev/disk/by-uuid/18086e3b-d805-4515-9e91-7efb2fe5c0e2 on /etc/hostname type ext4 (rw,relatime,errors=remount-ro,data=ordered)
/dev/disk/by-uuid/18086e3b-d805-4515-9e91-7efb2fe5c0e2 on /etc/resolv.conf type ext4 (rw,relatime,errors=remount-ro,data=ordered)

root@container:/$ ls /bin /usr/bin
/bin:
bash   chmod  echo  hostname  less  more    mv   ping  rm   sleep  tail  test     top    truncate  uname
cat    chown  grep  ip        ln    mount   nc   ps    sed  tabs   tar   timeout  touch  tty       which
chgrp  cp     gzip  kill      ls    mountpoint  netstat  pwd   sh   tac    tee   toe      tr     umount

/usr/bin:
awk  env  groups  head  id  mesg  sort  strace  tail  top  uniq  vi  wc  xargs

#define _GNU_SOURCE
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <sys/mount.h>
#include <linux/capability.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sched.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <unistd.h>

#define STACK_SIZE (1024 * 1024)

static char container_stack[STACK_SIZE];
char* const container_args[] = {
    "/bin/bash",
    NULL
};

int pipefd[2];

void set_map(char* file, int inside_id, int outside_id, int len) {
    FILE* mapfd = fopen(file, "w");
    if (NULL == mapfd) {
        perror("open file error");
        return;
    }
    fprintf(mapfd, "%d %d %d", inside_id, outside_id, len);
    fclose(mapfd);
}

void set_uid_map(pid_t pid, int inside_id, int outside_id, int len) {
    char file[256];
    sprintf(file, "/proc/%d/uid_map", pid);
    set_map(file, inside_id, outside_id, len);
}

void set_gid_map(pid_t pid, int inside_id, int outside_id, int len) {
    char file[256];
    sprintf(file, "/proc/%d/gid_map", pid);
    set_map(file, inside_id, outside_id, len);
}

int container_main(void* arg)
{

    printf("Container [%5d] - inside the container!\n", getpid());

    printf("Container: eUID = %ld;  eGID = %ld, UID=%ld, GID=%ld\n",
           (long) geteuid(), (long) getegid(), (long) getuid(), (long) getgid());

    /* 等待父进程通知后再往下执行（进程间的同步） */
    char ch;
    close(pipefd[1]);
    read(pipefd[0], &ch, 1);

    printf("Container [%5d] - setup hostname!\n", getpid());
    //set hostname
    sethostname("container",10);

    //remount "/proc" to make sure the "top" and "ps" show container's information
    mount("proc", "/proc", "proc", 0, NULL);

    execv(container_args[0], container_args);
    printf("Something's wrong!\n");
    return 1;
}

int main()
{
    const int gid=getgid(), uid=getuid();

    printf("Parent: eUID = %ld;  eGID = %ld, UID=%ld, GID=%ld\n",
           (long) geteuid(), (long) getegid(), (long) getuid(), (long) getgid()); 
    pipe(pipefd);
    printf("Parent [%5d] - start a container!\n", getpid());

    int container_pid = clone(container_main, container_stack+STACK_SIZE, 
                  CLONE_NEWUTS | CLONE_NEWPID | CLONE_NEWNS | CLONE_NEWUSER | SIGCHLD, NULL);
    printf("Parent [%5d] - Container [%5d]!\n", getpid(), container_pid);

    //To map the uid/gid, 
    //   we need edit the /proc/PID/uid_map (or /proc/PID/gid_map) in parent
    //The file format is
    //   ID-inside-ns   ID-outside-ns   length
    //if no mapping, 
    //   the uid will be taken from /proc/sys/kernel/overflowuid
    //   the gid will be taken from /proc/sys/kernel/overflowgid
    set_uid_map(container_pid, 0, uid, 1);
    set_gid_map(container_pid, 0, gid, 1);

    printf("Parent [%5d] - user/group mapping done!\n", getpid());

    /* 通知子进程 */
    close(pipefd[1]);

    waitpid(container_pid, NULL, 0);
    printf("Parent - container stopped!\n");
    return 0;
}

klose@ubuntu16-188 ~/$ id
uid=1002(klose) gid=1002(klose) groups=1002(klose),100(users),999(docker)

klose@ubuntu16-188 ~/ $ ./user_namespace
Parent: eUID = 1002;  eGID = 1002, UID=1002, GID=1002
Parent [ 5994] - start a container!
Parent [ 5994] - Container [ 5996]!
Container [    1] - inside the container!
Container: eUID = 0;  eGID = 65534, UID=0, GID=65534
Parent [ 5994] - user/group mapping done!
Container [    1] - setup hostname!

container namespace # id
uid=0(root) gid=65534(nogroup) groups=65534(nogroup)

#define _GNU_SOURCE         /* See feature_test_macros(7) */

#include <pthread.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/syscall.h>


const int NUM_THREADS = 5;

void *thread_main(void *threadid)
{
    /* 把自己加入cgroup中（syscall(SYS_gettid)为得到线程的系统tid） */
    char cmd[128];
    sprintf(cmd, "echo %ld >> /sys/fs/cgroup/cpu/haoel/tasks", syscall(SYS_gettid));
    system(cmd); 
    sprintf(cmd, "echo %ld >> /sys/fs/cgroup/cpuset/haoel/tasks", syscall(SYS_gettid));
    system(cmd);

    long tid;
    tid = (long)threadid;
    printf("Hello World! It's me, thread #%ld, pid #%ld!\n", tid, syscall(SYS_gettid));

    int a=0; 
    while(1) {
        a++;
    }
    pthread_exit(NULL);
}
int main (int argc, char *argv[])
{
    int num_threads;
    if (argc > 1){
        num_threads = atoi(argv[1]);
    }
    if (num_threads<=0 || num_threads>=100){
        num_threads = NUM_THREADS;
    }

    /* 设置CPU利用率为50% */
    mkdir("/sys/fs/cgroup/cpu/haoel", 755);
    system("echo 50000 > /sys/fs/cgroup/cpu/haoel/cpu.cfs_quota_us");

    mkdir("/sys/fs/cgroup/cpuset/haoel", 755);
    /* 限制CPU只能使用#2核和#3核 */
    system("echo \"2,3\" > /sys/fs/cgroup/cpuset/haoel/cpuset.cpus");

    pthread_t* threads = (pthread_t*) malloc (sizeof(pthread_t)*num_threads);
    int rc;
    long t;
    for(t=0; t<num_threads; t++){
        printf("In main: creating thread %ld\n", t);
        rc = pthread_create(&threads[t], NULL, thread_main, (void *)t);
        if (rc){
            printf("ERROR; return code from pthread_create() is %d\n", rc);
            exit(-1);
        }
    }

    /* Last thing that main() should do */
    pthread_exit(NULL);
    free(threads);
}

$ /var/lib/docker/aufs/diff/<id>

$ ls /sys/fs/aufs/si_b71b209f85ff8e75/
br0      br2      br4      br6      brid1    brid3    brid5    xi_path
br1      br3      br5      brid0    brid2    brid4    brid6 

$ cat /sys/fs/aufs/si_b71b209f85ff8e75/*
/var/lib/docker/aufs/diff/87315f1367e5703f599168d1e17528a0500bd2e2df7d2fe2aaf9595f3697dbd7=rw
/var/lib/docker/aufs/diff/87315f1367e5703f599168d1e17528a0500bd2e2df7d2fe2aaf9595f3697dbd7-init=ro+wh
/var/lib/docker/aufs/diff/d0955f21bf24f5bfffd32d2d0bb669d0564701c271bc3dfc64cfc5adfdec2d07=ro+wh
/var/lib/docker/aufs/diff/9fec74352904baf5ab5237caa39a84b0af5c593dc7cc08839e2ba65193024507=ro+wh
/var/lib/docker/aufs/diff/a1a958a248181c9aa6413848cd67646e5afb9797f1a3da5995c7a636f050f537=ro+wh
/var/lib/docker/aufs/diff/f3c84ac3a0533f691c9fea4cc2ceaaf43baec22bf8d6a479e069f6d814be9b86=ro+wh
/var/lib/docker/aufs/diff/511136ea3c5a64f264b78b5433614aec563103b4d4702f3ba7d4d2698e22c158=ro+wh
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
/run/shm/aufs.xino

wu@ubuntu16-188:~$ sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/tmp/data.img bs=1K count=1 seek=10M
1+0 records in
1+0 records out
1024 bytes (1.0 kB, 1.0 KiB) copied, 0.000235208 s, 4.4 MB/s

wu@ubuntu16-188:~$ sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/tmp/meta.data.img bs=1K count=1 seek=1G
1+0 records in
1+0 records out
1024 bytes (1.0 kB, 1.0 KiB) copied, 0.000493576 s, 2.1 MB/s

wu@ubuntu16-188:~$ ls -lsh /tmp/data.img
4.0K -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 11G Oct 16 15:17 /tmp/data.img

wu@ubuntu16-188:~$ ls -lsh /tmp/meta.data.img
4.0K -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1.1T Oct 16 15:17 /tmp/meta.data.img