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注册进程

上面的例子中,因为 “Pong” 在 “ping” 进程开始前已经创建完成,所以才能将 “pong” 进程的进程标识符作为参数传递给进程 “ping”

这也就说,“ping” 进程必须通过某种途径获得 “pong” 进程的进程标识符后才能将消息发送 “pong” 进程

然而,某些情况下,进程需要相互独立地启动,而这些进程之间又要求知道彼此的进程标识符,前面提到的这种方式就不能满足要求了

因此,Erlang 提供了为每个 进程 绑定 一个 名称 的机制,这样进程间通信就可以通过进程名来实现,而不需要知道进程的进程标识符了。为每个进程注册一个名称需要用到内置函数 register

register(some_atom, Pid)

这一次,为 “pong” 进程赋予了一名进程名称 pong

-module(register).

-export([start/0, ping/1, pong/0]).

ping(0) ->
    pong ! finished,
    io:format("ping finished~n", []);

ping(N) ->
    pong ! {ping, self()},
    receive
        pong ->
            io:format("Ping received pong~n", [])
    end,
    ping(N - 1).

pong() ->
    receive
        finished ->
            io:format("Pong finished~n", []);
        {ping, Ping_PID} ->
            io:format("Pong received ping~n", []),
            Ping_PID ! pong,
            pong()
    end.

start() ->
    register(pong, spawn(register, pong, [])),
    spawn(register, ping, [3]).

start/0 函数中创建 “pong” 进程的同时还 赋予 了它一个名称 pong

register(pong, spawn(tut16, pong, [])),

在 “ping” 进程中使用了这个名称来发送消息:

ping(N) ->
    pong ! {ping, self()},

因此 ping 函数也不再需要Pong_Id 作为参数了,所以ping/2 变成了 ping/1

-export([start/0, ping/1, pong/0]).

测试下:

7> register:start() . 
Pong received ping
<0.109.0>
Ping received pong
Pong received ping
Ping received pong
8> 
Pong received ping
Ping received pong
ping finished
Pong finished

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